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02-21 02_21.JPG |
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| Title: | ELASTIC REBOUND |
| Caption: | Idealized diagram showing buildup and release of elastic strain on a strike-slip fault. At Time 1 there is no significant accumulation of strain or deformation along the fault. Elastic strain builds as stress is gradually applied from the movement of the blocks of the crust on opposite sides of the fault. At Time 2 the earth material has deformed from the buildup of strain along the fault. The bent road and fence are evidence of the deformation. Rupture takes place when strain buildup exceeds the strength of the earth material. At Time 3 rupture occurs as one block of the crust moves and displaces the earth material. The offset of the road and fence indicate the amount of displacement. Ground motion takes place from seismic waves released in the earthquake. Time 4 is immediately following rupture as the deformed earth material, road, and fence rebound to new positions at right angles to the fault. Progression from Time 1 to Time 4 may take hundreds to thousands of years. |
| Keywords: | earthquakes, earthquake damage, destruction, strike-slip faults, cycles, strain, deformation |